Kiwi Bird: The Strangest Cutie You’ve Never Seen

Kiwi Bird Guide Table of Contents

Table of Contents 1. The Kiwi Bird Origin Story 2. Physical Characteristics: Small, But Mighty 2.1 Types of Kiwi Birds 2.2 Other Distinctive Features 3. Where Do Kiwi Birds Live? 4. What Do Kiwi Birds Eat? (Hint: It's Not Fruit) 5. Kiwi Love: How These Birds Mate for Life 6. Conservation Efforts 7. Cultural Significance 8. Fun Facts About Kiwis 9. Final thoughts 10. FAQs

If the Kiwi bird were to create a profile on a singles website, everyone would be confused and curious at the same time. Flightless? Check. Cat whiskers? Check. Nostrils on the end of its beak? Check. It's almost like nature had no idea what kind of animal the Kiwi wanted to be.

What do you get when you combine a bird, a mole, and a bloodhound? Something close to a Kiwi bird. They are flightless, they burrow into the ground, and they have an excellent sense of smell. But how did these outcasts become New Zealand's national symbol? Let us discover the fascinating life of the Kiwi.

The Kiwi Bird Origin Story

Ever wonder how the Kiwi bird got its name? The word "Kiwi" comes from the Māori people of New Zealand. The name is said to mimic the bird’s distinctive call: a high-pitched "kee-wee! kee-wee!" that echoes through the night.

And if you’re wondering how to pronounce it correctly, it’s KEE-wee, not "kwhy-why" or anything fancy. Just two simple syllables, no tongue twisters. World War I was when New Zealand troops were unofficially called "Kiwis" by their comrades. The reason is that the bird was so closely associated with their country of origin.

The nickname caught on and evolved into a national identity. Just like the bird itself, New Zealanders are known for being tough, adaptable, and a little bit different from the rest of the world.

Physical Characteristics: Small, But Mighty

Kiwi birds can be small, but they possess an interesting set of characteristics that make them stand out from other bird species.

Types of Kiwi Birds

Five Kiwi species exist with distinct features and habitats.

1. North Island Brown Kiwi (Apteryx mantelli)

• Size: Medium (can weigh up to 2.8 kg / 6.17 lbs)
• Color: Reddish-brown with streaky feathers
• Fun Fact: They are the most commonly found species in zoos and sanctuaries.

2. Little Spotted Kiwi (Apteryx owenii)

• Size: Smallest Kiwi species (can weigh up to 1.9 kg / 4.19 lbs)
• Color: Pale, grayish-brown with fine white spotting.
• Fun Fact: Compared to other Kiwi species, the little spotted Kiwi is relatively social and typically found in pairs.

3. Great Spotted Kiwi (Apteryx haastii)

• Size: Largest of the Kiwi species (can weigh up to 3.3 kg / 7.3 lbs)
• Color: Grayish-brown with mottled spots.
• Fun Fact: This species is well known for producing extremely loud calls, which resonate across the mountains at night.

4. Rowi (Apteryx rowi) (Okarito Brown Kiwi)

• Size: Medium (can weigh up to 2.5 kg / 5.5 lbs)
  
• Color: Light brown with soft, shaggy feathers
• Fun Fact: The Rowi Kiwi is the most endangered of all the Kiwi species. There are fewer than 600 in the wild, but thanks to massive conservation programs, their numbers are slowly increasing.

5. Tokoeka (Apteryx australis)

• Size: Medium to large (2.4 kg (5.3 lbs) to 3.1 kg (6.8 lbs))
• Color: Brown with regional variation.
• Fun Fact: Stewart Island tokoekas are sometimes diurnal, so they're one of the only Kiwi species that can be spotted in the daytime.

Other Distinctive Features

1. Poor Eyesight: Kiwi birds have poor eyesight due to their underdeveloped visual region in the brain. What they lack in eyesight, they make up for in other senses.
2. Smell: They possess a highly developed sense of smell, rare among birds, with which they can detect food beneath the ground.
3. Beak: They have a sensitive, elastic beak with vibration sensors that detect movement beneath the ground. This feature allows them to sniff out insects and worms far below the ground surface, as if with a built-in food-finding metal detector.
4. Furry-like Feathers: Kiwis lack the stiff feather structure required for the flight of other birds, so their feathers are soft and hair-like.
5. No Tail: Their lack of a visible tail gives them a rounded, fluffy look. Not having any tail gives them a very unusual shape, a bit like a walking pom-pom.
6. Strong Legs: This feature allows them to run quite fast when threatened. In fact, Kiwis have two of the strongest legs of any bird, and these are about one-third of their body weight. These features allow them to defend themselves against predators and walk easily over rough terrain.
7. Whiskers: They possess whiskers similar to those of a cat, which help them to sense the world when it is dark.
8. Wings: Kiwi birds have wings no more than 5 cm (2 inches) long, which makes them completely flightless.

Where Do Kiwi Birds Live?

Kiwis are found in the wild only in New Zealand and nowhere else on earth. Kiwis are nocturnal birds that live in New Zealand's forests, grasslands, and shrublands. They like to live in dense, secluded areas where they can dig into the earth and hide from predators.

Kiwis are also homebodies. They are very territorial and will defend their homes against invaders. If another Kiwi gets too close, a battle may break out, it's not all snuggly and adorable in the Kiwi world.

What Do Kiwi Birds Eat? (Hint: It's Not Fruit)

Regardless of their shared names, Kiwis don't have Kiwifruit as a snack. Kiwis are insectivorous, with their diet consisting of:

• Earthworms
• Beetles
• Larvae
• Other invertebrates
• Berries and seeds

They also have inbuilt tweezers in their beaks, plucking prey from the ground with incredible accuracy. They even have vibration receptors at the tip of their beaks, allowing them to detect prey movement below ground. This feature will enable them to locate food even in darkness, supplementing their nocturnal habits.

Kiwi Love: How These Birds Mate for Life

Like humans, Kiwis don't play games when it comes to relationships. Kiwi couples mate monogamously for life. Once they've found their partner, they stay together, sharing a burrow and defending their territory.

Female Kiwis lay some of the largest eggs relative to their body size. Imagine having a baby that takes up 20% of your weight, ouch! The male incubates, brooding on the egg for about 70-80 days until it hatches.

Kiwi chicks are independent almost as soon as they hatch from the egg, needing little or no parental care.

Conservation Efforts

New Zealand does not take the conservation of Kiwis lightly. Some of the most significant steps are:

1. Operation Nest Egg is an initiative in which eggs are removed from the wild, hatched free of predators, and released once chicks are old enough to fend for themselves.

2. The Predator Free 2050 initiative, launched in 2020, is a collaboration between Māori people and the government of New Zealand to eradicate prominent predators by the year 2050. It focuses on three initiatives: mobilize, innovate, and accelerate to protect native ecosystems, including our beloved Kiwi birds.

3. Community conservation programs, where local individuals help guard and watch over Kiwi populations.

Thanks to these initiatives, some Kiwi populations are on the increase. For example, the little spotted Kiwi was once at the point of extinction but now thrives on some island reserves that have no predators.

Cultural Significance

The Māori people of New Zealand deeply value the kiwi, both spiritually and culturally. Traditionally, its feathers were used to craft ceremonial cloaks worn by esteemed chiefs, symbolizing honor and leadership.

In Māori belief, the kiwi is also seen as a guardian of the forest, embodying a sacred connection to nature. Today, the bird’s image is woven into New Zealand’s national identity—it appears everywhere from company logos and currency to children’s books, cartoons, and advertisements.

Fun Facts About Kiwis

1. They maintain one of the lowest body temperatures of any bird, at 38°C (100°F), and are essentially more mammal-like than typical birds.
2. Kiwis are extremely territorial, often fighting fiercely to defend their home.
3. Despite having tiny wings, Kiwis still have wing bones, though they are essentially useless.
4. They produce a range of calls, with males producing high-pitched whistles and females producing deeper, more guttural calls.
5. A Kiwi can live for up to 50 years, which is highly impressive for such a tiny bird.

Final thoughts

For a bird that can’t fly, the Kiwi sure has soared into the hearts of many. From its odd appearance to its nighttime adventures, it's a bird that breaks all the rules, and we love it for that. So, the next time you hear someone refer to a Kiwi, you will understand that it's more than just a fruit or a nickname. 

So, the next time you hear someone refer to a Kiwi, you will understand that it’s more than just a fruit or a nickname. And if you think Kiwis are unusual, wait until you meet the Potoo—another bird that defies expectations.

FAQs

Do you have questions? You’re not alone. Here are some of the most common questions people ask about Kiwi birds answered.

1. Are Kiwi birds related to other flightless birds?

Yes! Kiwi birds are part of a group called ratites, which includes other flightless birds like ostriches, emus, and cassowaries.

2. Do Kiwi birds really sniff food?

Yes. Kiwis are the bird equivalent of bloodhounds. Most birds use their eyes to find food, but Kiwis use their long, sensitive beaks with nostrils at the tip to sniff worms, insects, and other tasty morsels in the ground.

3. Can you keep a Kiwi bird as a pet?

As wonderful as they look, Kiwi birds are not pets. They are wildlife and an endangered species in New Zealand.

4. How long do Kiwi birds live?

In the wild, Kiwis live to about 40 years old. With good fortune and ample predator protection, some Kiwis have even survived into their 50s.

5. Why are Kiwi birds endangered?

Human activity is the greatest threat to Kiwi. Predators such as stoats, dogs, and feral cats eat Kiwi eggs and chicks. Without humans, most Kiwi species would be extinct.

6. What's the story with their eggs being so enormous?

Kiwi eggs are enormous, up to 20% of the mother's body weight. The giant egg results in the chick hatching nearly fully formed.